今夜有戏

本周二，阿根廷主流媒体报道称米莱政府准备发行新面值货币，7.7亿张10000面值（约合11美元）的比索正式开始流通；相比于之前最高面值为2000比索的货币，直接上调了5倍之多，且年底还要发行20000面额的比索。

B |     BRUSSELS -- The European Union began taking steps on Thursday to limit the impact of the war between Israel and Hamas on the bloc, amid heightened security tensions after a firebomb attack on a Berlin synagogue and killings in Belgium and France by suspected Islamist extremists.Spain, which currently holds the EU's rotating presidency, activated a crisis mechanism to speed up decision-making and coordination between the 27 member countries, the bloc's institutions and major partners like the United Nations or the United States.Officials from across the EU have expressed concerns about a rise in antisemitic attacks, radicalization online, the use of encrypted messaging services by extremists, and the need to speed up the deportation of people who might pose a public danger.But calls for an increase in security across the board are creating deep unease as the solutions being discussed could undermine free movement and the right to assemble in Europe.Italy is introducing border checks to counter a possible rise in tensions over the Israel-Hamas war. Denmark and Sweden are too, due to what they say is an “Islamist terrorist threat.” France intends to keep checks in place until at least May 2024, citing “new terrorist threats and external borders situation.”More police have been deployed in Belgium, France and Germany.EU foreign policy chief Josep Borrell believes part of the solution to Europe's security woes must involve the bloc helping diplomatically and financially to bring an end to years of conflict between Israel and the Palestinians.“We have learned from history that the most difficult decisions are always taken when we are on the edge of the abyss. I believe that is where we are now: on the edge of the abyss,” Borrell told EU lawmakers on Wednesday.“When I hear Muslim religious authorities speaking the language of inter-religious conflict and explicitly stating that Europe is a party to this conflict, I feel that the storm clouds are looming,” he said.Still, not all of Europe’s challenges are directly linked to the war.Earlier on Thursday, Sweden hosted a meeting of ministers from eight countries, among them Germany, Belgium and France, focused on how to handle incidents where people burn the Muslim holy book, the Quran.Prosecutors are trying to establish whether that was a key motive for a Tunisian man to shoot three Swedes in Brussels on Monday, killing two of them, ahead of a Belgium-Sweden soccer match in the capital.While the Quran burnings are not directly linked to the conflict between Israel and Hamas, they are a sign of rising tensions between religious and other communities in Europe.The war that began Oct. 7 has become the deadliest of five Gaza wars for both sides. More than 5,000 people have been killed in Israel and Gaza. Nearly 12,500 Palestinians have been wounded, and over 200 people in Israel taken hostage.“We have to address multiple impacts from the continuing crisis in the Middle East" in the EU, European Commission Vice-President Margaritis Schinas said.“This entails the protection of our Jewish communities, but also the protection against a generalized climate of Islamophobia that has no place in our society,” he told reporters in Luxembourg, where EU interior ministers were meeting.Pro-Palestinian rallies have been held in several European cities since the war. France has banned them. Germany has also promised to take tougher action against Hamas, which is already on the EU’s list of terrorist organizations.Chancellor Olaf Scholz told the German parliament that local authorities “must not allow gatherings … at which it must be feared that antisemitic slogans will be shouted, that people’s deaths will be glorified and everything we can’t accept here.”In France, the Palace of Versailles — a major tourist attraction — and three airports were evacuated for security reasons and temporarily closed Wednesday. The incidents were the latest in a spate of evacuations in the past five days, and the French government is threatening to fine or jail prank callers.They followed the killing of a teacher in northern France on Friday by a suspected Islamist extremist.French Interior Minister Gerland Darmanin noted that two foreigners were behind the recent attacks in Belgium and France, and he insisted that long-delayed reforms of EU asylum rules must be put in place.Europe must “manage our borders, register people and conduct the security interviews that are necessary before every asylum request,” he told reporters.The EU has agreements with Turkey and Tunisia to persuade them to prevent migrants reaching Europe — and take them back if they do get through — but they are not working well. Other deals, with Egypt notably, are planned. Only around one in four people refused entry ever return home. ___John Leicester in Paris and Geir Moulson in Berlin contributed to this report.。

C | 至于为什么要超发大面额的货币，消息人士的解释是“有利于民众购买的便利”，也就是说买东西不用携带如此多的货币了。然而事实上很多阿根廷媒体猜测，此举是为了应对货币贬值和接下来有可能进行的更多贬值，顺便为国库增加财富和收入；从米莱上台后，比索的贬值达到54%，让原本就要携带成捆钱币花销的阿根廷人苦不堪言。

但一方面是“穷疯了”的阿根廷人，另一方面却是“小富”的政府。4月下旬米莱通过电视发表讲话，宣布2024年一季度实现财政盈余，创下2750亿比索（约合3.2亿美元）的收入。他称这些钱是“自由经济”政策下的盈利，阿根廷终于走入了新时代。

D | 但马萨领导的反对党却揭露米莱实则是在收割阿根廷人，所谓的盈利不过是用贬值货币压缩出口关税利润，加上超低的价格出卖国家能源、矿产和企业给外国公司，底层的民众失业率大涨。

果然在5月9日，阿根廷又爆发了蔓延全国的示威行动。全国数十万名工人自发停止工作、拒绝到岗和到街头拉标语来抗议米莱政府“倒行逆施”的政策，认为其让阿根廷陷入长期失业和贫困的危机。这些工人表示他们涨薪的幅度很低，但物价“每天都在变”，政府承诺的补贴、福利和减税更是一样都没有。更有甚者薪资甚至顾不上生活成本，或是被迫裁员，他们必须为自己争取权利。这些人中也有不少人一开始是支持米莱上台的，但他们现在显然“后悔”了。

分析人士表示，阿根廷总统兴高采烈地宣布“创收”，底层民众却表示“过不下去”，上台半年时间闹了两次全国大罢工，如此上下分离是有原因的。

E | 其一是政府3个月创收的3.5亿美元，米莱虽然保证会“花到每个民众身上”，但他们优先使还要用货币还债，剩下的分摊到4600万阿根廷人身上的也微不足道。其二是米莱的“收割货币”政策严重扰乱了基层市场，今年3月阿根廷制造业和建筑业出现了自新冠疫情大流行以来的最大跌幅，偏偏这两个行业也是底层民众生活的命脉产业，失去工作者沦为赤贫。其三也是根本的一点：阿根廷历史上没有进行过这种大幅度的“休克疗法”，经济执行有很多规则性问题难以寻找经验和前例。

F |

值得一提的还有，在全国大罢工的同一时期，阿根廷强大的工会组织正抵制米莱的改革努力，这一改革将降低公司的遣散费用，并进一步加强他的紧缩计划。

G | 对此有评论称：“现在开弓没有回头箭，政府除非把国家‘做强或者做烂’，否则没有其他选项的。马斯克等国外资本家们现在非常支持米莱推行下去，受益者显而易见。

H | ”